Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 18 de 18
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 67(1): 42-48, mar. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1022399

RESUMO

Este estudio observacional transversal evaluó el estado nutricional de 120 adultos indígenas ecuatorianos Awá para determinar la correlación entre IMC y porcentaje de grasa corporal mediante bioimpedancia, y evaluar la precisión diagnóstica del IMC para la detección de exceso de grasa. La media de IMC fue de 23,81 ± 1,95 kg / m2 en hombres y 23,58 ± 1,95 kg / m2 en mujeres, y la media de porcentaje de grasa fue de 11,4 ± 5,9 en hombres y 19,97 ± 7,19 en mujeres. Se observó una correlación positiva significativa entre IMC y porcentaje de grasa en hombres (r=0,54, p<0,01) y en mujeres (r=0,72, p<0,01). También hubo una correlación positiva significativa en los grupos de 18-40 años (r=0,79, p<0,01) y 40-59 años (r=0,49, p<0,01), mientras que en mayores de 60 años, la correlación fue positiva pero no significativa (r=0,50, p=0,97). Además, hubo una correlación significativa en el grupo de adiposidad saludable (r=0,54, p<0,001), pero no se encontró significancia en los grupos de baja y alta adiposidad (r=0,07 p=0,57, r=0,38 p=0,31 respectivamente). Un IMC ≥25 kg/m2 tuvo una sensibilidad de 90%, especificidad de 75% y un área bajo la curva de 0,88 (IC del 95% 0,81 a 0,95) para detectar exceso de grasa. En conclusión, aunque el uso del IMC como predictor de exceso de grasa se justifica en esta población, es necesario establecer otros indicadores que permitan evaluar de manera más integral y compleja el estado nutricional, no solamente enfocados en los problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad(AU)


This cross-sectional study assessed the nutritional status of 120 Ecuadorian indigenous adults Awá to determine the correlation between BMI and body fat percentage estimated by bioelectrical impedance, as well as to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of BMI to detect excess body fat percentage in this population. Mean BMI was 23.81 ± 1.95 kg / m2 in men and 23.58 ± 1.95 kg / m2 in women, and mean body fat percentage was 11.4 ± 5.9 in men and 19.97 ± 7.19 in women. A significant positive correlation was observed between BMI and body fat percentage in men (r=0.54, p<0.01) and in women (r=0.72, p<0.01). There was also a significant positive correlation in groups of 18-40 years (r=0.79, p<0.01) and 40-59 years (r=0.49, p<0.01), while in older than 60 years the correlation was positive but not significant (r=0.50, p=0.97). There was significant correlation in the group considered healthy by fat percentage (r=0.54, p<0.001), but there was no significant correlation in under fat and over fat groups (r=0.07 p=0.57, r=0.38 p=0.31 respectively). BMI ≥25 kg/m2 showed a sensitivity of 90%, specificity 75% and an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% CI from 0.81 to 0,95) to detect excess body fat. In conclusion, although the use of BMI as a predictor of excess fat is justified in this population, it is necessary to conduct more studies to develop additional indicators for assessing the nutritional status of in more comprehensive way, not only focused on overweight and obesity(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Obesidade , Antropometria
2.
Invest. clín ; 57(3): 293-303, Sept. 2016. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841119

RESUMO

La asociación de la viscosidad sanguínea (VS) con la hipertensión y la diabetes mellitus 2, indica que debe ser considerada sobre todo en poblaciones que viven en la sierra donde el hematocrito y la hemoglobina son más elevados. Se evaluó la asociación de la VS con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de síndrome metabólico (SM) en una población de 237 adultos (20-60 años) de la sierra urbana ecuatoriana. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y agua corporal, se midieron la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la presión arterial. Se realizaron determinaciones de parámetros bioquímicos, hematológicos y de VS (mediante fórmula validada). El 14,76% de la población presentó hiperviscosidad (HV). El 42,8% de las personas con HV presentó SM contra 33% en el grupo con normoviscosidad (NV). El ácido úrico (AU) se observó más elevado en los grupos HV y NV con SM. Se encontró una correlación lineal simple de las concentraciones de glucosa (GLU) y de triglicéridos (TRI) con la VS en el grupo HV sin SM. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple indicó que la GLU, el AU y la presión sistólica son variables que influyen independientemente con el incremento de la VS en el grupo HV sin SM. Las variables GLU y % de agua influyen en el incremento de la VS en el grupo NV sin SM. El incremento de las concentraciones de glucosa y de ácido úrico son los dos factores que mayormente influyen en la VS en esta población.


The association of blood viscosity (BV) with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 indicates that it should be considered, especially in populations living in mountain chains where the hemoglobin and hematocrit values are higher. In fact, this work analyzed the association of BV with nutritional and biochemical risk factors in the development of cardio metabolic diseases in healthy adults (20-60 years old; 46.39% female and 53.61% male) living in the urban Ecuadorian sierra. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body fat percentage, body water percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. Determinations of biochemical and hematological parameters were performed using established methodologies and a validated formula was used to determine the BV. Hyperviscosity (HV) was present in 14.76% of the population: 10.46% men, 4.3% women. In this group, 42.8% showed metabolic syndrome (MS) against 33% in the normoviscosity group (NV). Uric acid (UA) was observed statistically higher in HV and NV with MS groups. A simple positive linear correlation was found between glucose (GLU) and triglycerides (TRI) concentrations and BV in HV without MS group. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that GLU, UA and systolic pressure influence to increase BV in the HV without MS group. Glucose concentration and percentage of water, independently influence the BV in the NV without MS group. The increase in GLU and UA concentrations are the most influencing factors on BV in this population.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Equador , Altitude , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 66(2): 121-128, June 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-785931

RESUMO

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) sobre parámetros nutricionales y bioquímicos en 54 voluntarios (44 mujeres y 10 hombres) con edades 45±8 años de Ecuador. Al inicio se les realizó una evaluación nutricional y bioquímica, luego se les invitó a consumir el jugo (100g de fruto en 150 ml de agua) diariamente durante 6 semanas. Finalizado este tiempo, se procedió a realizar la evaluación nutricional y bioquímica nuevamente. La evaluación nutricional determinó 67% de obesidad abdominal. Disminuyendo a 53% después del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol. El 87% de los voluntarios antes del tratamiento, mostraron hipercolesterolemia; 40,7% y 46,3% tenían los triglicéridos y el LDL elevados y 18,5% valores de glucosa entre 98-130mg/dL. Valores que disminuyeron significativamente en este grupo después de la toma del jugo En general, tanto en voluntarios con y sin sobrepeso se observó disminución significativa de colesterol total, LDL y glucosa; sin cambios significativos en los valores de HDL. El consumo del jugo no afectó la actividad de las enzimas alanina-aminotransferasa ni aspartato-aminotransferasa, tampoco las concentraciones de creatinina, urea y ácido úrico; ni la presión arterial, demostrando que no afecta la función hepática ni renal. Estos resultados indican que el consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol, durante seis semanas, parece ejercer un efecto hipolipemiante y moduladora en el metabolismo de la glucosa y colocan a C betacea como uno de los frutos andinos con alto potencial nutraceutico. Sin embargo, estos aspectos deben ser investigados con más detalles(AU)


In this work the effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) was evaluated on nutritional and biochemical parameters in 54 volunteers (44 women and 10 men) aged 45 ± 8 years-Ecuador. A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed in volunteers; then they were invited to drink tree tomato juice (100g of fruit in 150 ml of water) daily for 6 weeks. Finished these 6 weeks, volunteers were nutritional and biochemical evaluated again. 67% abdominal obesity was found, decreasing at 53% after drinking the established dosage of juice. 87% of the volunteers before treatment, showed hypercholesterolemia, 40.7% and 46.3% had hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL, respectively and 18.5% glucose concentrations between 98-130 mg/dL. These values decrease significantly in this group after drinking tomato juice. In general, Total Cholesterol, LDL and glucose concentrations decrease significantly after drinking tree tomato juice in all the voluntaries with or without overweight. There is no change in HDL concentrations. The consumption of tree tomato juice did not affect the activity of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase enzymes either creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations, neither blood pressure suggesting that does not affect renal or liver function. These results indicate that consumption of tree tomato juice for six weeks appears to have a lipid-lowering and modulating effect on glucose metabolism, suggesting C betacea as one of the high Andean fruits nutraceutical potential. However, this issue should be investigated in more detail(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colesterol , Dislipidemias , Concentrados de Tomates , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Hiperglicemia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Doenças Metabólicas , Obesidade
4.
Invest Clin ; 57(3): 293-304, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29938484

RESUMO

The association of blood viscosity (BV) with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 indicates that it should be considered, especially in populations living in mountain chains where the hemoglobin and hematocrit values are higher. In fact, this work analyzed the association of BV with nutritional and biochemical risk factors in the development of cardio metabolic diseases in healthy adults (20-60 years old; 46.39% female and 53.61% male) living in the urban Ecuadorian sierra. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body fat percentage, body water percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. Determinations of biochemical and hematological parameters were performed using established methodologies and a validated formula was used to determine the BV. Hyperviscosity (HV) was present in 14.76% of the population: 10.46% men, 4.3% women. In this group, 42.8% showed metabolic syndrome (MS) against 33% in the normoviscosity group (NV). Uric acid (UA) was observed statistically higher in HV and NV with MS groups. A simple positive linear correlation was found between glucose (GLU) and triglycerides (TRI) concentrations and BV in HV without MS group. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that GLU, UA and systolic pressure influence to increase BV in the HV without MS group. Glucose concentration and percentage of water, independently influence the BV in the NV without MS group. The increase in GLU and UA concentrations are the most influencing factors on BV in this population.


Assuntos
Viscosidade Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Adulto , Altitude , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Fatores de Risco
5.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 66(2): 121-128, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29737668

RESUMO

In this work the effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cypho-mandra betacea) was evaluated on nutritional and biochemical parameters in 54 volunteers (44 women and 10 men) aged 45 ±8 years-Ecuador. A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed in volunteers; then they were invited to drink tree tomato juice (IOOg of fruit in 150 ml of water) daily for 6 weeks. Finished these 6 weeks, volunteers were nutritional and biochemical evaluated again. 67% abdominal obesity was found, decreasing at 53% after drinking the established dosage of juice. 87% of the volunteers before treatment, showed -hypercholesterolemia, 40.7% and 46.3% had hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL, respectively and 18.5% glucose concentrations between 98-130 mg/dL. These values decrease significantly in this group after drinking tomato juice. In ge- neral, Total Cholesterol, LDL and glucose concentrations decrease significantly after drinking tree tomato juice in all the voluntaries with or without overweight. There is no change in HDL concentrations. The consumption of tree tomato juice did not affect the activity of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase enzymes either creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations, neither blood pressure suggesting that does not affect renal or liver function. These results indicate that consumption of tree tomato juice for six weeks appears to have a lipid-lowering and modulating effect on glucose metabolism, suggesting C betacea as one of the high Andean fruits nutraceutical potential. However, this issue should be investigated in more detail.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Colesterol/sangue , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Solanum/química , Adulto , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Análise de Variância , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Creatinina/sangue , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Abdominal , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangue
6.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 36(3): 153-161, 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155468

RESUMO

Introducción: La pandemia de obesidad mundial está siendo influenciada por un ambiente obesogénico que sumado a la presencia de factores genéticos predisponen al desarrollo de fenotipos cardiometabólicos los cuales se manifiestan dependiendo del ambiente nutriogénico y al estilo de vida. Objetivo:: En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los factores nutricionales, bioquímicos y de estilos de vida que se asocian con el desarrollo de fenotipos cardiometabólicos en una población de adultos de Imbabura, Ecuador. Métodos:: Se determinaron parámetros nutricionales, bioquímicos y estilo de vida y se asociaron entre sí. Se calculó la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (SM); fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridemica (CHTG) y de síndrome metabó- lico-cintura hipertrigliceridémica (SM-CHTG). Resultados:. El 69,6% de las personas presentaron sobrepeso y/u obesidad. La obesidad abdominal fue de 59%, (mujeres 60,9%, hombres 57,5 %). el 79,9 % no fuma, el 52,4% no consume bebidas alcohólicas y el 69,6% realiza actividad fí- sica; entre 60-70% manifestó tener buenos hábitos alimentarios. La población presentó hipercolesterolemia (74%) e hipertrigliceridemia (49%). El 36,7% tiene síndrome metabólico (hombres: 39,3 %, mujeres 34,4%). El 42,3% de las mujeres mostraron el fenotipo CHTG y 100% el fenotipo SM-CHTG. Los hombres mostraron 63% de CHTG y 84,9% SM-CHTG. Conclusión: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, factores ambientales modificables, como fumar y beber licor, actividad física y dieta no son los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiometabólica en estas personas. Deben investigarse los genotipos obesogénicos para conocer hasta qué punto pueden influenciar el perfil lipídico observado en la población (AU)


Introduction: The world’s obesity epidemic has been influenced by an obesogenic environment that added to presence of genetic factors produces the developed of cardiometabolic phenotypes which are shown depending of nutrigenetic environment and life styles. Objetive: In this study were evaluated nutritional, biochemical factors and lifestyles associated with the development of cardiometabolic phenotypes in a adults of Imbabura, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Nutritional, biochemical parameters and lifestyle were determined. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was determined and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype and metabolic syndrome-hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (MS-HTGW) was calculated. Results: 69.6% of people showing overweight and/or obesity. Abdominal obesity was 59% (female 60.9%, 57.5% men). The 79.9% do not smoke, 52.4%, not drink alcohol and 69.59% do physical activity; 60-70% have good eating habits. The population presented hypercholesterolemia (74%) and hypertriglyceridemia (49%). MS was showed in 36.7% (men: 39.3%, 34.4% women). The phenotype HTGW was observed in 42.3% of women and they showed 100% MS-HTGW phenotype. Men showed 63% of HTGW-phenotype and 84.9%.of MS-HTGW. Conclusions: According to our results, modifiable environmental factors, such as smoking and drinking liquor, physical activity and diet are not the main risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic disease in these people. It very important to determine obesogenic genotypes in the population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Equador , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Atividade Motora , Estudos Transversais
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 64(4): 264-270, dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-752706

RESUMO

Se evaluó la relación entre biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (ácido úrico, bilirrubina y proteína C-reactiva) con el estado nutricional en 321 adultos de Ecuador, pertenecientes al personal administrativo de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, con edades de 43 ± 10 años, (46,30% femenino y 53,61% masculino). Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, de estilo de vida y epidemiológica; se calculó el índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y agua corporal, se midió la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la presión arterial y se determinó las concentraciones de ácido úrico, bilirrubina y Proteína C reactiva (PCR). Se encontró que 17,9% de la población presentó obesidad y 51,72% sobrepeso. Los valores más elevados de ácido úrico se encontraron en obesos, hipertensos y en quienes realizan actividad física. La bilirrubina total, directa e indirecta se encontró en límites superiores en los grupos con obesidad abdominal, y con actividad física. Las variables % de grasa y de agua influyen en la PCR en el grupo con baja grasa corporal y en las mujeres. En hombres, la PCR se asocia con IMC y CC. En los grupos sobrepeso, alta grasa corporal y PHT, el ácido úrico mostró relación con el % de grasa y la CC En los obesos con el % de agua e IMC y en los grupos obesidad abdominal e HT se asoció con % de agua y CC Se concluye que el porcentaje de agua corporal es un importante indicador nutricional para el desarrollo de estrés oxidativo en esta población.


In this work it was evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers (uric acid, bilirubin and C-reactive protein) with nutritional status in 321 adults of Ecuador, belonging to administrative staff of of the Universidad Tècnica del Norte , aged 43 ± 10 years old (46 30% female and 53.61% male). Socio demographic and epidemiological information and lifestyle were obtained through a survey; The Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat and body water percentages were calculated; waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured. Determinations of uric acid, bilirubin, and serum C-reactive protein (PCR) were performed. 17.9% of the populations were obese and 51.72% overweight. The highest values of uric acid were found in obese, hypertensive and physical activity groups. The total direct and indirect bilirubin were found in upper limits in abdominal obesity and physical activity groups. The CRP level was influenced by % fat and % water in the low body fat group and in females. In male, BMI and WC were associated with CRP. Uric acid showed relationship with % fat and WC in overweight, high body fat and PHT groups, uric acid was associated with the % water and BMI in obese. Finally, uric acid was associated with % water and the WC in the abdominal obesity, and HT groups’ .The body water percentage is an important indicator to development of oxidative stress in this population.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Biomarcadores , Índice de Massa Corporal , Bilirrubina/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Equador , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Circunferência da Cintura
8.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 64(4): 264-70, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26336722

RESUMO

In this work it was evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers (uric acid, bilirubin and C-reactive protein) with nutritional status in 321 adults of Ecuador, belonging to administrative staff of of the Universidad Tècnica del Norte, aged 43 ± 10 years old (46 30% female and 53.61% male). Socio demographic and epidemiological information and lifestyle were obtained through a survey; The Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat and body water percentages were calculated; waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured. Determinations of uric acid, bilirubin, and serum C-reactive protein (PCR) were performed. 17.9% of the populations were obese and 51.72% overweight. The highest values of uric acid were found in obese, hypertensive and physical activity groups. The total direct and indirect bilirubin were found in upper limits in abdominal obesity and physical activity groups. The CRP level was influenced by % fat and % water in the low body fat group and in females. In male, BMI and WC were associated with CRP. Uric acid showed relationship with % fat and WC in overweight, high body fat and PHT groups, uric acid was associated with the % water and BMI in obese. Finally, uric acid was associated with % water and the WC in the abdominal obesity, and HT groups'. The body water percentage is an important indicator to development of oxidative stress in this population.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Adulto , Bilirrubina/sangue , Biomarcadores , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Equador , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Circunferência da Cintura
9.
Rev Biol Trop ; 61(2): 797-806, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23885590

RESUMO

Abstract: Histology of gill, liver and kidney in juvenile fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to three temperatures. Water temperature is an important factor that affects growth and antioxidant enzyme activities in fish, and when adverse, it may trigger diseases in fish populations. C. macropomum is a freshwater neotropical fish widely distributed in South America and abundant in river basins as the Amazon and Orinoco. It is highly used for intensive aquaculture development and is a very important product for the local riverside economy in Venezuela. The purpose of our study was to examine the water temperature effect on gills, liver and kidneys of juvenile fishes of C macropomum. Eighteen juveniles with biometrical index of 17.87 +/- 7.88 cm and 87.69 +/- 34.23 g were respectively exposed to three culture temperatures (T18, T29 and T35 degrees C) during a period of 21 days. Histological analyses on gills, liver and kidney were made according to standard methodologies. Our results showed that these tissues exhibited normal citoarchitecture at T29. On the contrary, T18-gills displayed brachiallipid droplets inside brachial epithelium; and disorganization in the brachial tissue was observed at T35. Furthermore, we observed two kinds of hepatocytes (dark and light) on T180 degrees C-liver. The T35-liver samples showed cytoplasmatic granulation and damages in cytoplasmatic membrane. Kidney samples from T18 observed alterations in the cellular distribution of the hematopoietic tissue; while, at T35, the most important feature observed was the disorganization of the glomerular structure. We concluded that T18 and T35 are respectively critical and severe temperatures to C. macropomum; besides, the most sensible tissues to changes induced by temperature in this species were the liver and gills.


Assuntos
Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Brânquias/anatomia & histologia , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Temperatura , Animais , Peixes/classificação , Água Doce
10.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(2): 797-806, Jun. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-675467

RESUMO

Water temperature is an important factor that affects growth and antioxidant enzyme activities in fish, and when adverse, it may trigger diseases in fish populations. C. macropomum is a freshwater neotropical fish widely distributed in South America and abundant in river basins as the Amazon and Orinoco. It is highly used for intensive aquaculture development and is a very important product for the local riverside economy in Venezuela. The purpose of our study was to examine the water temperature effect on gills, liver and kidneys of juvenile fishes of C. macropomum. Eighteen juveniles with biometrical index of 17.87±7.88cm and 87.69±34.23g were respectively exposed to three culture temperatures (T18, T29 and T35ºC) during a period of 21 days. Histological analyses on gills, liver and kidney were made according to standard methodologies. Our results showed that these tissues exhibited normal citoarchitecture at T29. On the contrary, T18-gills displayed brachiallipid droplets inside brachial epithelium; and disorganization in the brachial tissue was observed at T35. Furthermore, we observed two kinds of hepatocytes (dark and light) on T18°C-liver. The T35-liver samples showed cytoplasmatic granulation and damages in cytoplasmatic membrane. Kidney samples from T18 observed alterations in the cellular distribution of the hematopoietic tissue; while, at T35, the most important feature observed was the disorganization of the glomerular structure. We concluded that T18 and T35 are respectively critical and severe temperatures to C. macropomum; besides, the most sensible tissues to changes induced by temperature in this species were the liver and gills.


Colossoma macropomum es uno de los peces tropicales de agua dulce con mayor éxito en el cultivo en aguas continentales tropicales. Se realizó una evaluación histológica de branquias, hígado y riñón de este pez expuesto a tres temperaturas (T18, T29 y T35ºC). Se utilizaron 18 ejemplares juveniles con índices biométricos de 17.87±7.88cm y 87.69±34.23g. Los análisis histológicos fueron hechos de acuerdo a técnicas previamente descritas. Se encontró que las branquias, el hígado y el riñón de los peces T29 presentaron citoarquitectura normal. Por el contrario, en las branquias de los peces T18, se observaron gotas lipídicas inmersas en el tejido branquial; los peces T35 presentaron desorganización en la estructura del tejido branquial y necrosis celular. El hígado de los peces T18, mostró hepatocitos claros y oscuros y el de T35, presentó células con granulaciones citoplasmáticas y daño en la membrana plasmática. En el riñón de los T18, se observaron alteraciones en la distribución del tejido hematopoyético. La característica más resaltante en el riñón de los peces T35, fue la desorganización del tejido glomerular. En conclusión, la temperatura de 18°C se puede considerar crítica para la cachama y la de 35ºC severa. De los tres órganos evaluados, el hígado y las branquias resultaron ser los más sensibles a los daños inducidos por las temperaturas en esta especie.


Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Brânquias/anatomia & histologia , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Temperatura , Água Doce , Peixes/classificação
11.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 31(3): 490-5, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21787721

RESUMO

This work focused on the histological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to different temperatures (18°C, 29°C, 35°C) with 10mg/L of herbicide Paraquat (PQ), during 21 days. The fish exhibited histopathological changes in these tissues; the most important alteration in gills was telangiectasis. Liver showed debris accumulation inside cytoplasm hepatocytes, karyolysis, karyohesis and a decrease in the size of sinusoids. Hyperplasia of melanomacrophagic centers (MMC) and an increase in basophils were observed in kidney. The lesion inducing by PQ and the damage in tissue depended of temperature exposure fish. The severity of lesions clearly differed among organs with the liver showing the most extensive damages followed in order by the kidney and gills. In PQ/18°C group it was observed the changes in the pattern of lesions, with kidney showing higher damage followed gills and liver.


Assuntos
Characidae/fisiologia , Brânquias/patologia , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Paraquat/toxicidade , Animais , Aquicultura , Basófilos/patologia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Telangiectasia/induzido quimicamente , Telangiectasia/patologia , Temperatura , Venezuela
12.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 19(4): 414-420, ago. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-631035

RESUMO

En el presente estudio se evaluó la distribución de tioles totales y de tioles solubles en ácido en diferentes tejidos del pez dulceacuícola Colossoma macropomum en condiciones de cultivo, y aclimatados en el laboratorio durante 15 y 30 días, y el efecto del cadmio sobre estos parámetros en organismos expuestos durante 21 días y depurados 15 días después de la exposición al metal. La distribución de tioles totales (TT) y de tioles solubles en ácido (TSA) varió con las condiciones ambientales en las cuales se encontraban los organismos, observándose que en peces en cultivo, los mayores valores de TT se presentan en el plasma>músculo>branquias, en peces aclimatados a condiciones de laboratorio (15 días), se observó la siguiente distribución: branquias>músculo>hígado>plasma>riñón y en peces aclimatados 30 días fue branquias>riñón>hígado>músculo>plasma. Para los TSA, la distribución fue la siguiente: organismos provenientes de condiciones de cultivo: músculo>plasma>hígado>branquias. En los peces con 15 días de aclimatación: hígado>branquias>músculo; el riñón y el plasma presentaron valores cercano a cero. En peces con 30 días de aclimatación fue branquias>músculo>hígado>riñón>plasma. La exposición crónica a cadmio produjo un aumento significativo de la concentración de TT y de TSA en el plasma. Los organismos depurados 15 días disminuyeron la concentración de TSA en plasma no así la de TT. La determinación de tioles, podría considerarse un importante parámetro auxiliar, en el diagnóstico y monitoreo de peces expuestos a ambientes contaminados por cadmio.


In this study was evaluated the distribution of total thiols (TT) and acid soluble thiols (AST) in tissues of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum providing of cultivation and acclimated in laboratory by 15 and 30 days, as well, was evaluated the effect of cadmium on these parameters in Cd-exposure fishes during 21 days and in Cd-depuration fishes (15 days). TT and AST showed variations with environmental conditions; In Farmer fishes were, TT: plasm>muscle>gills; acclimated fishes (15 days): gills>muscle>liver>plasm>kidney and acclimated fishes (30 days): gills>kidney>liver>muscle>plasm. The distribution of AST was: farmer fishes: muscle>plasm>liver>gills. Acclimated fishes (15 days): liver>gills>muscle; the kidney and the plasm presented near values to zero, and acclimated fishes (30 days) was gills>muscle>liver>kidney>plasm. Cadmium exposition produced a significant increase in the TT and TSA concentration of plasm. Cd-depured fishes showed a decrease in plasm TSA concentration but not in plasm TT concentration. Thiol assays could be considered an important parameter in the diagnosis and monitor of fishes environmental Cd exposed.

13.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 19(1): 7-14, ene.-feb. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-548610

RESUMO

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del cadmio y de la temperatura sobre la fragilidad osmótica y el número de células sanguíneas, en el pez Colossoma macropomum. Los organismos fueron expuestos a 0,5 mg/L de cloruro de cadmio durante 24 días y a dos temperaturas (25 y 30ºC). A los 0; 10 y 24 días de exposición, se les tomó muestras de sangre para determinar la curva de fragilidad osmótica, el conteo diferencial de células blancas y el conteo de reticulocitos. Los eritrocitos presentaron principios de hemólisis a 90 mmol/L de NaCl y hemólisis total a10 mmol/L. El porcentaje de linfocitos fue >62 por ciento, incrementándose en los peces expuestos a cadmio, no obstante, el porcentaje absoluto (controles y expuestos) de linfocitos, disminuyó a los 24 días de experimentación, siendo más significativo a la temperatura de 30°C. Después de los neutrófilos, los trombocitos fueron el tercer tipo celular encontrado, sobre los cuales, ni el cadmio ni la temperatura, tuvieron efecto significativo. Sin embargo, el número absoluto de estas células aumentó en los organismos mantenidos a 25°C/24 días; contrario a lo observado en los peces a 30°C/24 días, quienes registraron un descenso de 4 por cierto en su abundancia. Los peces expuestos a Cd/30°C revelaron un significativo aumento de trombocitos en comparación con los expuestos Cd/25ºC. Los reticulocitos disminuyeron por la exposición al metal. El cadmio y la temperatura ejercen un efecto sinérgico sobre el número de trombocitos y afectan individualmente la producción de reticulocitos en el pez.


In this work, the cadmium (CD) and temperature effect on the red cell osmotic fragility and blood cells count in the tropical fish Colossoma macropomum were evaluated. The fishes were exposed to 0.5 mg/L of cadmium chloride during 24 days and two temperatures (25 and 30°C). At 0; 10 and 24 days of Cd exposure, blood samples were taken from fishes to determine the osmotic fragility curve, the differential white cell and reticulocyte count. The erythrocytes osmotic fragility began at 90 mmol/L of NaCl and total hemolysis was observed at 10 mmol/L of NaCl. Lymphocytes were the more abundant cells (>62%). These cells increased in Cd-exposed fish; moreover, the lymphocytes absolute percentage (control and exposed) decrease at 24 days of experimentation, being more significant at 30°C. After the granulocytes acidophils, trombocytes were the third cellular type, they were not affect by Cd neither temperature. However, trombocyte absolute number increased than fishes at 25°C/24 d as fishes at 30°C/24. On the other hand, the Cd/30°C exposed fishes showed a significant increase of thrombocytes. Both, cadmium and temperature affect thrombocyte number. The reticulocytes decrease due to cadmium exposed fishes. A synergic effect is produced by Cd and temperature on trombocytes; however, these factors exert an individual effect in fish reticulocytes.


Assuntos
Animais , Água Doce/análise , Plaquetas , Cádmio/efeitos adversos , Peixes , Linfócitos , Temperatura , Biologia
14.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 27(3): 321-6, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21783960

RESUMO

This study evaluated the effect of paraquat (PQ) and temperature on hematological parameters and nonspecific immune system of fish Colossoma macropomum (Cachama). Juveniles were used for all experiments. Fish were exposed to three temperatures (18, 28, 35°C) and 10mg/L PQ during 21 days (PQ LC(50) 96h was of 48.05mg/L). Hematological (Hb, Ht, VCM, HCM and CHCM and RBC) and immunological parameters (WBC, differential count of white cells, phagocytes, and bacterial killing by phagocytes) were analyzed for 7, 14 and 21 days. Fishes PQ exposed at 18°C decreased Hb, MCH and MCHC; we observed sickle erythrocytes in control group at 18°C, and in PQ-exposed groups at 18 and 35°C. Immunological parameters were not affected by temperature. Neutrophils decreased significantly in all PQ-exposed groups. Bacterial killing by phagocytes decreased in 18 and 35°C PQ-groups; a synergistic interaction was shown between PQ and temperature on WBC and lymphocytes. These results indicate that PQ affected neutrophils counts independently of temperature exposure; the temperature exerted a synergistic effect on PQ toxicity in lymphocyte counts and phagocytic response and besides nonspecific immune response, PQ and temperature affects hematological parameters such as Hb, MCH, MCHC and erythrocytes morphology.

15.
Invest Clin ; 45(2): 175-83, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15211984

RESUMO

Hemoglobin variants were introduced in Venezuela mainly by the descendants of African slaves; their distribution is determined by the flow of these populations into the country. The most prevalent hemoglobin variants are Hb S and Hb C. Hb S has a frequency between 0 and 7% depending on the African component of the region. The study of beta s gene linked haplotypes has been used to investigate the origins of African populations in America. In Venezuela, the beta s mutation is associated with the Benin and Bantu haplotypes (CAR) with a high frequency. According to these results the Africans transported to Venezuela were of Bantu origin as it has been showed by the historical records.


Assuntos
Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , População Negra , Humanos , Índios Sul-Americanos , Venezuela
16.
Invest. clín ; 45(2): 175-183, jun. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-406122

RESUMO

La presencia de variantes hemoglobínicas en la población venezolana está íntimamente relacionada con la llegada de los africanos; es así como la distribución de las mismas responde a un patrón que está determinado por la manera como estas poblaciones se establecieron en nuestro territorio. La variantes mas frecuentes son la S y la C. La hemoglobina S se encuentra distribuida en el país en un porcentaje que oscila entre 0-7 por ciento dependiendo del componente africano de la región. El estudio de haplotipos del genß-globina asociados al gen ßs han servido para investigar los orígenes de las poblaciones africanas en América en Venezuela se ha encontrado una asociación de los haplotipos Benin y Bantú (CAR) con el gen ßs con una alta frecuencia. De acuerdo a estos resultados se puede concluir que las poblaciones africanas venidas a Venezuela provienen del subsahara Bantú, tal y como ha sido determinado por los registros históricos


Assuntos
Humanos , Haplótipos , Hemoglobina Falciforme , Venezuela
17.
Acta cient. venez ; 55(1): 56-61, 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-401801

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo para evaluar el perfil bioquímico y antropométrico de 15 escolares (6-12 años) provenientes de Chacopata, Estado Sucre (período diciembre-enero 1997). Los niños se clasificaron nutricionalmente empleando una combinación de indicadores antropométricos OMS. También se hizo un examen clínico general, una encuesta nutricional y un estudio bioquímico. Se encontró que 81,71 por ciento de los niños eran eutróficos; 4,57 por ciento eran obesos y 13,72 por ciento presentaron algún grado de desnutrición clínica: desnutrición aguda (3,43 por ciento) y desnutrición crónica (10,29 por ciento). Los valores promedios de las proteínas séricas totales de las fracciones: albúmina, alfa-1, alfa-2 beta y gamma; de globulinas totales y de la relación albúmina/globulinas se encontraron entre los límites de referencia para niños eutróficos de 6-12 años. Se observó un aumento significativo de la globulina alfa-1 (0,18 ± 0,08 g/dl) en los niños de 8-9 años y una disminución significativa de la globulina alfa-2 (0,71 ± 0,11 g/dl) en los niños de 10-12 años. Con relación a la condición nutricional, los resultados del perfil bioquímico determinaron que estos valores se encontraron dentro del límite de referencia, observándose una tendencia a presentar los valores más bajos el grupo de niños con desnutrición. Sólo se encontró disminución significativa de la globulina sérica beta en el grupo de desnutridos (0,72 ± 0,12 g/dl) con respecto a los niños eutróficos (0,79 ± 0,15). Los resultados indican que en la población infantil (6-12 años) de Chacopata existe una problemática nutricional mixta con predominio de desnutrición de tipo crónica compensada


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Estado Nutricional , Medicina , Ciências da Nutrição , Venezuela
18.
Kasmera ; 25(3): 175-89, dic. 1997. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-252009

RESUMO

El Objeto de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños (6-14 años) y los familiares del 20 por ciento de estos niños de la población de Cariaco, Municipio Ribero, Estado Sucre. 150 muestras de heces fueron examinadas y se relacionaron la prevalencia de parásitos con algunos factores epidemiológicos y con la estratificación socieconómica. Las heces se analizaron por métodos convencionales (salina-lugol) y método de concentración Kato-Katz modificado. El 78 por ciento de los niños presentó infestación parasitaria siendo los de 9-11 años los más afectados. Se observó predominio de protozoarios sobre helmintos. La mayor prevalencia fue para las especies de protozoarios Blastocystis hominis (36 por ciento) y Giardia lamblia (18,76 por ciento) y de los helmintos Trichuris trichiura (38,70 por ciento) y Ascaris lumbricoides (22 por ciento). El tipo de infestación encontrada para estos helmintos fue leve. El 78,67 por ciento de los niños pertenecían a los estratos socieconómicos IV y V, a su vez, estos niños presentaron los mayores porcentajes de infestación. El estudio familiar determinó que el 67,42 por ciento de los miembros del grupo estaban parasitados. Las condiciones socieconómicas, la educación sanitaria y la calidad del agua son algunos de los factores que propician la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en la población


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ascaris lumbricoides/parasitologia , Blastocystis hominis/patogenicidade , Giardia lamblia/patogenicidade , Parasitos/parasitologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...